We only belong because we think we do

What if the world was a big disappointment? What if the way the world we espied wasn't that predictable? The hopes and dreams created to fulfill the emptiness has shifted and molded the perceptions of mankind to think that there is an innate ability to exist with the alliance of others, such as, with people of the same gender,age,interests and most importantly culture. Anthropologists and psychologists propose that Homo Sapiens are not born a self, rather the self is weakened by the surroundings the person is exposed to, known as the ‘significant other'.The significant other refers to ‘nuclear family, in other words the family you were born into that consists of- in most cases – a mother, a father and sibling(s). Thus, external sources have an impact as well, for instance, the ‘modern self. The modern self incorporates ideas such as language, thoughts and status that will cause the ‘self to be ranked. Further elaborating the so called ‘modern self groups those around them into a hierarchy of the cultivated all the way through to the not so cultivates – savage.Whether evolution occurred or not of apes transforming into humans, and whether e agree with it or not, many significant comparisons can't be obtained from that theory. A significant concept of the human race regarding skin color can be directed to Edward Thorniness theory of trial and error'. What does this theory suggest? Repeated errors continue until success if reached. Error, mutation in the human body repeatedly occurred during the past couple of billion years until ‘success' was finally reached; the current human body.Yes very debatable, but we can simply take this teary and implement it into our lives. Failure, what does it mean? Most of the time titer depressing, right? However, if failure is viewed from the same angle it was viewed during the study of evolution, it can be life changing. Failure led to success. Which means, technically there is not hing wrong with failing, if you invested a sufficient amount of effort. Sander's failure to be classified as White' rather than ‘colored' was a similar effect of trial and error theory. The back and forth classification of Sander's ‘label' is a motive of failure.People such as Sandra that Todd up against the law leaded the failure to success' in the time now. Through the hardships and discrimination that they faced helped those people in knows society to be respected and to be seen that they are Just the same as White' people despite the being a different color. The two unlike ideas of the White' and ‘colored' society uniting failed, however, Sandra found it less complicated and easier to conform to the black society than the white race, regardless of the disadvantages she had to face throughout time.Sander's trial was the contrast between the white and black society. The error was being born with the genes she inherited from both white parents that carried black a ncestry, which resulted in Sandra paying a price for it; rather then her parents. For many thousands of years the notion of belonging to somewhere or something was and still is a significant issue. The apartheid era in South Africa began in 1652, with the settlement of Jan Van Rebecca.The natives were criticized for their language, which was mockingly referred as ‘Hottentots', also they were describes to be the lowest of the low[that they adapted] a missing link between humans and pees'. This prejudging of natives exhibited, that the black natives of the country was a class whose weakness was inborn. When the foreigners arrived and observed the native black people they made a Judgment on their behavior that throughout their daily lives of working they were slow people that lacked energy therefore the foreigners concluded that their weakness was inborn.Accepting the native blacks for the Dutch foreigners was a hard limit, because they viewed that blacks low and themselves super ior. Becoming a part of a community that suffered with black and white skin color controversy meant a threat was adhered upon the individuals security, safety and shelter also incorporating that these factors are mentioned in Measles Hierarchy of Needs as the most important obligations for ones survival.As the artificial barriers were removed between socioeconomic classes, society was encouraged to build biological barriers, which allowed status to be ruled by DNA. The most obvious roles of skin is the social label it has on the individual. Skin pigment is inherited from our genetic makeup, but those with the wrong genes are placed in an environment where it is nearly impossible to escape from; known as the apartheid era.In most cases it is seen that ‘people with dark skins are, in most places, less successful, less healthy and – perhaps – less contented than those with light. Simply this statement was extracted from â€Å"In the Blood – God, Genes, Desti ny' by Steven Jones who stated the general public that thought this way. Thus, stating the obvious the black people are the ones who brought freedom' into today's society. Significant figures such as Muhammad All, Michael Jordan, Malcolm X, Nelson Mandela andSusan Bolt have made the apartheid issue a national problem and brought it to the realization of other people to declare freedom. Belong to a group is a vital need to every individual. However, belonging doesn't come with ease, it takes trial and error to succeed and keeping an open mind to changes. Throughout history it is evident to conclude that keeping an open mind and acceptance towards others around us will bring success and comfort. Thus, if we don't learn from the past there will still be controversy and superiority amount groups due to unethical matters.

A Doll House relationship comparison: Nora and Torvald v. Christine and Krogstad Essay

Henrik Ibsen creates many interesting and complex characters in his play A Doll’s House. Both the Helmers and Christine and Krogstad have very fascinating relationships. Nora and Torvald have a very insubstantial relationship in which Nora has no say or independence and is completely under Torvald’s control. Christine and Krogstad have their share of issues but they are able to work them out like reasonable adults. Nora/Torvald and Christine/Krogstad are two fundamentally different sets of people. Nora and Torvald have been married for a long time and they do their best to make sure they are happy. Nora loves Torvald very much and would do anything to for him. â€Å"Nora: Now I will show you that I too have something to be proud of. It was I that saved Torvald’s life.† (p.10) Nora was willing to commit a crime for Torvald to keep him from becoming very ill and dying. Torvald loves Nora but sees her more as a child and is generally more concerned about what others think of him then of what Nora thinks. â€Å"Torvald: From now on, forget happiness. Now it’s just about saving the remains, the wreckage, the appearance.† (Act III) Instead of saying that he would protect her he goes into a rage and tells Nora she is unfit to have anything to do with their children. He sees her more as a fragile doll than an actual person. Nora realizes too late that all she has been to the people in her life is a marionette whose strings are passed back and forth by the male figures in her life. â€Å"Nora: I have been performing tricks for you, Torvald. That’s how I’ve survived. You wanted it like that. You and Papa have done me a great wrong. It’s because of you I’ve made nothing of my life.† (Act III). Her life has just been a performance in which she did her best to please the men in her life. She realizes that in order to become independent that she has to get away. She finally becomes independent at the end of the play and saves herself from what could be called a sham of a marriage. Christine and Krogstad were married before but Christine left Krogstad for a richer man in order to take care of her ailing mother and younger brothers. Christine loved Krogstad but at the time he did not have the money she needed to insure that her family would be taken care of. Krogstad was devastated after Christine left him, which made him into a bitter, unhappy man. â€Å"Krogstad: When I lost you, it was as if all the solid ground went out from under my feet. Look at me now–I am a shipwrecked man clinging to a bit of wreckage.† (Act III) Krogstad secretly still loves her and in the end they get back together. The one fundamental difference between the Helmers and Christine and Krogstad is that they were able to work out their problems and solve their issues like reasonable adults. Henrik Ibsen creates a fascinating tale filled with intrigue and set of characters that make for a great story. The Helmers and Christine and Krogstad have very different perceptions of what love is. The key to any healthy relationship is to be able to work out your problems and not let anything get in the way of the love felt for the other person in the relationship. Nora and Torvald in the end weren’t meant for each other and Christine and Krogstad, after working out their differences were able to continue on happily. Nora/Torvald and Christine/Krogstad truly are two fundamentally different sets of people.

Customer Issues in Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Customer Issues in Financial Services - Essay Example The next aspect, pricing, depends on who has the upper hand, whether the buyers or the sellers. If the goods are freely available and competitively priced, definitely, it is the buyers who have the upper hand, but if there are shortage of goods and its suppliers, with high demand, definitely it would be the sellers who would call the shots. The aspect of penalties arises due to non-fulfilment of contract, or breach of trust on the part of the concerned parties. This could be due to external or internal factors, but which nevertheless influence the performance, or non-performance of the contract, to such an extent that Courts award penalties to be paid to the aggrieved parties. Under UK Contract Act, there is a commitment on either side to deliver, and breach of this delivery could give rise to penalties. However, it is to be borne in mind that Courts assess the penalties based upon actual losses sustained by the aggrieved parties, and not on contingent, or assumed profits. Thus, it would be well within the powers of the Court to allow for actual losses sustained by aggrieved parties, but not future loss of profits. Coming next to the aspect of exclusions, it is often seen that... Thus, the fine print in contracts is sought to absolve parties of their commitments and responsibilities under covenant bindings. Again, the main areas that need to be covered would be in terms of customer satisfaction, complaint handling and how to handle disputes. The main aspect with regard to customer servicing would be in the event when things go wrong between the sellers and buyers. In the present context of retail trade in UK, it is seen that the standard of client servicing has deteriorated over the years, leading to greater proportion of complaints, litigation, etc. It is quite possible that sellers may try to absolve themselves of blame by citing negligence or lack of product knowledge or care in usage by buyers. It is seldom that vendors would accept responsibility for defective goods or lowered quality, or timeliness of services. Therefore, it becomes necessary "To protect consumers from being misled or pressured by a supplier's promotional activities (for example, most countries place restrictions on investment advertisements)." (McKiernan and Cha 2008). This writer believes that this statement could have limited application in the real commercial world of financial services. This is because financial services organizations need to comply with statutory norms, not only in terms of their performance but also in terms of financial reporting. It is now necessary to consider certain decided case laws in UK to understand the impact of contract laws. The first would be the case of Hedley Byrne & Company Ltd v. Heller & Partners Ltd (1964). In this case, the applicant, Hedley Byrne brought action against a bank that vouched for the financial soundness of a client company, albeit with a disclaimer that the

Apocalypse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apocalypse - Essay Example The film has its direction of Edgar Wright. The story is about a man who is attempting to get focus on his life and deal with a bigger issue of dealing with the rising of the Zombie Apocalypse. The film depicts the current cultural phenomenon in Hollywood and around the world as we will see when comparing and contrasting the two films. The antagonists in both the "Blade Runner" and "Shaun of the Dead" depict human-like characteristic in their physical form but are still monsters. The stories are science fiction that depicts the robot apocalypse and a zombie apocalypse. They are both set in the future. The changes that modernity brought into the world and advancement in technology is what led to the making of the two films. "Shaun of the Dead" shows anxiety through the spread of viral capitalism around the world. The zombie apocalypse leads to denial of the people to ever go back to normalcy (Wright, 2004). "Blade Runner" also has a form of denial when the cooperations that comes up with replicants who do not want to go back to humans. It is because the replicants are more human than human beings (Scott, 1982). It shows how the future people are satisfied with the apocalypse of either zombies or genetically engineered replicants. There is a fear among the human race about a possible apocalypse as we see the making of the two films. The human beings in both films defend themselves from the unwanted creatures that have invaded the earth. â€Å"Shaun from the dead† has the people from the bar defend themselves after the return of the zombies to haunt them. The zombies feed on human beings thus the rise of the zombies means the end of the human population (Wright, 2004). The replicants from â€Å"Blade Runner† are also created to finish the human population as they are superior to human beings. The humans must, therefore, fight against the robots before the monsters lead to their end. We see the fight between human beings and the replicants from the film (Scott,

Organisational behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational behavior - Essay Example icant asset of any kind of organization, whether NPO or not, that requires to be managed effectively for organizational profitability and survival in the face of increasing global competition. This paper will research and investigate the Scientific Management model and Human Relations model by way of relating and contrasting TGI Fridays management of people to One Vision Housing, often regarded as good Not for Profit Organizations-NPO employer in United Kingdom. Finally, it will scrutinize whether nowadays the two models are still applicable and significant to managing people and whether NPOs and profit making organizations employ them differently in management of people. . In the organizational context, resources can be both a source of strength and weakness for the firm; the human resource is clearly the most fundamental asset that needs to be managed effectively to maximize organizational profits, reduce turnover, while promoting survival of the organization in the long term (Lin, Yen-Duen and Chein 2012, p.153). Human Resource Management, the unique scientific approach to handling the people side of the organization using a set of cultural, structural, and personnel techniques, is a fundamental organizational practice that enhances performance (Senyucel 2009, p.15). Human Resource Management aims to promote both the needs of the organization and that of the employees; through appropriate HRM approaches, the organization achieves the greatest possible benefit from the talents and abilities of their employees, while they in turn receive not only material but also psychological rewards from their work. The organizational strategy, particularly in the highly complex and dynamic global business environment in the 21st century calls for integrated series of human resource policies, which can enable the organization to leverage on their employees’ capabilities to achieve competitive advantage that can help them win competition (Flanagan 1999, p.55). The

A Strategic Challenge HMV Faces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Strategic Challenge HMV Faces - Essay Example The researcher states that HMV Group Plc (HMV) was one amongst the world’s leading retailers of music, DVD/ video, pc games and books within the United Kingdom, North American country and Asia. A rise in the range of online purchase of CDs and DVDs, an increase in digital downloads associated stiffer competition from general supermarkets had an adverse impact on HMV’s revenue in 2005. Changes in musical tastes conjointly affected HMV’s sales adversely. HMV has to enhance its profit by initiating contemporary worth cuts and increasing its online product offerings. HMV is fraught from three sides. On one flank, there are competitive street retailers with similar business models. On the opposite flank, grocery chains, which are progressively entering into the HMV’s recreation product territory? Additionally, arising quickly from behind, are pure-play online retailers. Online pure-play retailers above all create an excellent threat, as they will operate at a v alue advantage ensuing from associate degree absence of physical stores and lowest staffing needs. Within the past decade, as online penetration has inflated and shopper familiarity with  online searching has expanded, pure-play online retailers like Play.com have emerged as important rivals to venerable chains of HMV. The diversion product mix furnished by HMV (CDs, DVDs, video games) is especially suited to on-line merchandising. Merchandise square measure extremely standardized and commoditized (a videodisk is a videodisk, in spite of the channel it is purchased from), simply transferable through the post, and promoted heavily by the show business (meaning customers can ‘pull’ merchandise through distribution channels).

Arab-Israeli War of 1948 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Arab-Israeli War of 1948 - Essay Example Observers claim that the Arab nations were not satisfied with the UN ruling, which they criticized greatly on the basis of great imbalance on the partition. Most Arabs claimed that the partition plan did not adequately balance the two groups. More so the Arabs, whom they claimed to, have been the majority. The UN voted in favor of the partition, ruling that the British were to terminate their mandate in Palestine in order to pave way for the partition to be implemented. Avi (1998) continue to argue that by the beginning of the Second World War; most Arab countries were under the strong influence of their colonial masters. Most notably were British and the French groups. He point out that Jordan in particular remained under the strong influence of the British thus acquired arms supply and military training. The Arabs countries joined hand to form the Arab league, which was mandated to coordinate the policies between their states after independence. According to Gelber (2006), the UN p artition plan was unanimously rejected by the Arab League of Nations. They declared holy war (jihad) upon all the Jews both in the Arab states and those living in Israel. He further claims that by 1940, most Jews had flown back to Israel from the Arab states fearing being persecuted. Consequently, he adds that the Arabs in Israel were encouraged to leave the country with a promise of returning after they purge the Jews land. Gelber (2006) estimates the number of Jews refugees running from the Arab states to be around one million (1,000,000), and that of Arabs from Israel to have been around three hundred and forty three thousand (343,000). War triggered a mass exodus from the Arab states. It is claimed that the Jews easily integrated in their mother country thus the claims that most Jews today are descendants of the Jews from the Arabic countries. However, it is also argued that, intentionally, the Arabs did not integrate their fellow Arabs who had escaped from Israel following war outbreak. During the initial stages of the Arab-Israel war, Avi (1998) observes that the British who were in control of Palestine, denied the Jews a chance to defend themselves. He further argues that this was done in many ways some of which were blocking those coming from other countries and denying them entry into Israel. Second, they outlawed Israel’s militia men as terrorists groups and denied them a chance to import weapons. In the mean time, it is argued that the British were supplying arms to the Arab countries and freely allowed them into Palestine. This is argued to have greatly compromised the Jewish ability to defend themselves against the Arabs. This continued until the British mandate was terminated. By February Benny (2008) observes that the Palestinian informed the UN Security Council that the partition plan could not be carried out without military aid. Because of the long process to come up with a defense force, the situation in Palestine got out of control. Benny claims that this resulted as disagreements raged the formation of the military forces without incorporating the support of the major powers. Consequently, war broke out in Palestine. He further states that the UN council blamed the Arabs for the war outbreak, with most of the western and European countries condemned Israel’s’ invasion by the Arabs. The British and the Palestine denied the UN Palestine Commission access to resolve the war crisis. Avi (1998) points out that, despite all the mounting pressure in Palestine, the UN did not suspend the partition plan. As a result, Israel

Audit Framework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Audit Framework - Case Study Example To do an audit, there must be information in a verifiable form and some standards (criteria) by which the auditor can evaluate the information. Information can and does take many forms. Auditors routinely perform audits of quantifiable information, including companies’ financial statements and individuals’ federal income tax returns. Auditors also perform audits lf more subjective information, such as the effectiveness of computer systems and the efficiency of manufacturing operations.This is a case study for auditing Southern Rock, a high street UK Bank, registered in Southampton. Here audit partner in the firm is â€Å"APMC Auditors† has provided some questions to answer. Answers of the given questions are answered as bellow respectively:  Answer to the question no-1:Concept of Going Concern: The â€Å"going concern† perception is one of the regulatory foundation stone of the financial accounting arena.   The spirit of going concern express that the Balance Sheet of a company must be an echo the weight of that company as if it would stay in existence for and beyond the predictable future. In other words, the going concern concept also states that the company would be file for bankruptcy within one year from the date of Balance Sheet. This paper would go to analyse the going concern concept and its vital focus to a rational observation of Southern Rock Plc. a Banking company as far as possible.   There are two major parties in the assessment of a company as a going concern,   they are the company’s management and its auditors.... Information can and does take many forms. Auditors routinely perform audits of quantifiable information, including companies' financial statements and individuals' federal income tax returns. Auditors also perform audits lf more subjective information, such as the effectiveness of computer systems and the efficiency of manufacturing operations. This is a case study for auditing Southern Rock, a high street UK Bank, registered in Southampton. Here audit partner in the firm is "APMC Auditors" has provided some questions to answer. Answers of the given questions are answered as bellow respectively: Answer to the question no-1: Concept of Going Concern: The "going concern" perception is one of the regulatory foundation stone of the financial accounting arena. The spirit of going concern express that the Balance Sheet of a company must be an echo the weight of that company as if it would stay in existence for and beyond the predictable future. In other words, the going concern concept also states that the company would be file for bankruptcy within one year from the date of Balance Sheet. This paper would go to analyse the going concern concept and its vital focus to a rational observation of Southern Rock Plc. a Banking company as far as possible. It would discover the Impact of Going Concern on Financial statement and Audit procedure to establish Going Concern in Banking Sector as well as the liquidation value of a company and its asset. Going concern assessment: There are two major parties in the assessment of a company as a going concern, they are the company's management and its auditors. In addition, the following factors may lead to a going concern reconsideration. The list

Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Paragraph - Essay Example more, the authors also emphasize that the number of individuals that develop diabetes would mean an increase in government expenses to fight the disease. Moreover, Cresswell states that there are 275 Australians who develop diabetes per day, which matches Robotham’s statement that 100,000 Australians develop diabetes annually. While both Cresswell’s and Robotham’s articles have many similarities, they also have some differences. First, Cresswell discusses in his article a study in 1999 to 2000 involving 11, 247 participants while Robotham did not mention this at all. Second, Cresswell also mentions that aside from the 275 individuals who develop diabetes daily, there are already one millions Australians who have the disease. Robotham does not mention this in her article either. Third, Cresswell again is very specific when he writes that the government expenses in fighting diabetes would cost around $3 billion annually, while Robotham merely says that the diabetes epidemic will have a big impact on the government’s health budget. Finally, Cresswell states that 25% of schoolchildren are already overweight, while Robotham mentions that younger individuals gain weight faster than middle age adults

Boston Artwork Essay Example for Free

Boston Artwork Essay The public artworks that I chose are Asaroton 1976 (Unswept Floor) and Boston’s Famed Rainbow Tank. The similarities of these artworks are that they are both available in public view and that they are unique types of artwork. There is not much like the Rainbow Tank or the Asaroton ’76 types, as they were original ideas of the artists. Considering the effect that they have on people, both artworks seem to blend in the everyday life of those who see it in a regular basis. The Asaroton is being walked around and stepped around, while the Rainbow Tank contains liquefied natural gas. It’s as if the artwork has naturally been there, a part of everyone’s ordinary lives despite the fact they are extraordinary creations (Millis, 1997). The Asaroton ’76 is an artwork like no other, as it is composed of bronze replicas of everyday waste and debris of the market, which is then embedded in concrete. At first glance, the artwork just seems to be a deformity or an abnormality in the road (Harries/Heder Public Art, 2006). But if you look at it closely, you will see the intricate details and designs embossed on the concrete walkway. In relation to this, it is situated in a segment of the street which forms a major crosswalk. Many people pass it or walk over it everyday, but they don’t seem to mind. To them, the artwork is already a part of their everyday lives. Boston’s Famed Rainbow Tank is actually a gigantic tank of liquefied natural gas which was painted with five huge swaths of color, artistically placed as though they’re just strokes of a paintbrush (NPR, 2001). The colors are yellow, orange, blue, vermillion, and purple. With the way the tank is painted, it’s as if it was just a large canvas for an abstract artwork. The stripes actually doesn’t resemble anything, but according to those who gaze at this gigantic work of art, they see faces of prominent personalities, whether they’re our friends or foes (images of Ho Chi Minh, Fred Flintstone, Saddam Hussein). The Asaroton ’76 is situated in the busy, open air produce market on Blackstone Street. The place it is embedded is a part of a major crosswalk, so you can just imagine how many people walk over it or pass it during the course of the day. Heavy motor traffic is also present during the day, so we can say that this artwork is not something that we keep in museums or galleries, as it is best appreciated in public. Boston’s Rainbow Tank is situated somewhere along Boston’s waterfront, the industrial part of the area. The rainbow tank is such a massive structure that many people can see it without having to get close to it. There were restaurants just around the area, and the rainbow tank has been a common view for the urban dwellers. The tank holds a good spot in everyone’s heart, as it was made originally as a sign of peace, and now it remains a masterpiece unique from any other artworks. The effectiveness of Asaroton ’76 in conveying an artistic message is incomparable, as it artfully depicts some of the common things that we see everyday. It immortalizes the debris of everyday life, which seem to reflect back to us, how we oftentimes don’t recognize these stuff as artistic or as anything valuable. With the Asaroton, we are able to see how these things, no matter what they are, can be a very good subject for a wonderful work of art. It’s main difference with the Rainbow Tank is obviously the size, and also the feeling it conveys, as it serves as a reminder of the things we usually neglect or ignore, as for the Rainbow Tank, it is a sign of peace, that’s why it conveys a feeling of happiness to the viewers. The Rainbow Tank is effective in its purpose of spreading peace, as it conveys a feeling of peacefulness and childish joy, despite the size of the structure. People who look at it tend to smile, even without a reason. Its mere presence in the area brings and assurance of peace for the people, though in reality, it could easily be a target of terrorism, with all the natural gas it contains. References: Harries/Heder Public Art. (2006). Asaroton 1976 (Unswept Floor). Retrieved June 9, 2008, from http://www. harriesheder. com/asaroton. htm Millis, C. (1997). An opinionated, irreverent look at Bostons public art. Retrieved June 9, 2008, from http://www. bostonphoenix. com/archive/art/97/08/21/PUBLIC_ART. html NPR. (2001). Bostons Famed Rainbow Tank Inspires Admiration, Scorn. Retrieved June 9, 2008, from http://www. npr. org/news/specials/response/home_front/features/2001/nov/rainbowtank/011105. rainbowtank. html

Development of the Peoples Bank of China

Development of the Peoples Bank of China People’s Bank of China seeking a fresh start in 2030 after a tough period of restructuring People’s Bank of China (PBoC) after experiencing a great collapse in June 2020 is  aiming for a sustainable recovery. A historic tragedy in China which happened in 2020 where PBoC used deposits to write of its Non Performing Loans (NPL) which accounted for more than 4 trillion Yuan. There were problems of shadow borrowing with Chinese banks in the early years of 21st century. There were many issues and many were responsible for the incident but China recovered well considering the fact that last decade taught China a lot over the issues. People realized their fault of relying the banks and banks realizing the fault of relying on the government. But their beliefs were failed as PBoC was not supported by the government during its crisis. PBoC president recalled the event and mentioned that for the past 5 years PBoC was restructuring and reframing rules to make sure that it should really be for People of China. PBoC has also adapted a new policy called ‘Transparent insigh ts’ where it will show where the money deposited was invested and how much interest PBoC get out of it and the risks associated through such investment. There are may new policies announced by PBoC keeping in mind that their customers are their king and with a primary focus that they need serve their customers. Many technologies were adapted to keep track of defaulters and the president of PBoC promised that it would be default proof. People are confident in investing in PBoC after the restructuring which took nearly 10 years. Chinese Yuan after facing a tough time for more than a decade is appreciating and experts believe that Yuan will touch single digits by mid of June 2030. The bank has also introduced a new concept to help the depositors and the stakeholders called ‘Choose your Borrower’. According to this, certain depositors (Preferential) will be given rights to choose their borrower so it becomes easy for the bank that they may not worry too much on the risks involved as the depositor knows who the borrower is and this kind of transparency helps them to service better. Overall PBoC has adapted an environment which is friendly to depositors and stringent to borrowers. Hoping for a good start to the New Year, president told that ‘Friendly Environment for Depositors – by keeping their money and future safer than ever before’. Friendly Environment for FDI: As Yuan appreciates against US strongly over a period of 1 year, it is expected that there would be boom in foreign direct investment (FDI). As expected the FDI started to grow. There has been a repeated complaint by the foreign investors that the Chinese employees have not been treated properly. Employees in China have been forced to work under dangerous environment  with absolutely no security to their own life. This has been raised as an issue when FDI withdrew from China when there was a problem in PBoC (People’s bank of China) in 2020. Keeping in mind all those issues, the Chinese government in coordination with the State owned Entreprises (SOEs) which are responsible for employing people in their own location have decided that people are the most important capital in any economy. China glorified in 20th century was just because of their people’s hard work. The people in China unlike other nations are very hard working. But the government took advantage over thei r commitment and made them work for long hours. Their average working hours per week would be around 60 hours which is 1.5 times that of what has been the norm followed throughout the world. The very common and popular example is Laborers working in factories for Apple faced lots of problems: Exposure to working environment which is very dangerous to life. Living accommodation provided was not fit for living. Using certain chemicals to clean the outer cover without the use of gloves of Apple’s Iphone which was harmful to life. Failing to pay the insurance cost to laborers. This is one such examples of what happened over the last decade. This action by the state owned Corporation (SOE) and the Chinese government’s lazy involvement to this matter was severely condemned by people throughout the world. Even then they followed the same practice. The investors faced lots of problems with the response of Chinese officials in their own country. They were waiting for an opportunity to get out of the country. An opportunity has strike them in the form of PBoC. The investors utilized this opportunity to get their money back home. But after a decade, as the investment climate returned normal, the Chinese government has taken the issue seriously and issued a law for laborers and told that the defaulters would be punished severely. This step forward by Chinese government was appreciated by many investors across the world. China ready for self sufficient solar power system installation: China is all set to use solar energy as its main source of energy. Over the past 5 years, China has been investing  heavily on this project. The project will be successful and is expected to come into existence in another few months. With already many areas in China powered by solar panels, the next aim of China is to eliminate its reliance on fossil fuels. China has already started its research and development in the field of Automobiles to make itself independent form other countries. Driven by the thirst of self sufficiency, China has proved the world that a nation can be independent and it can also make other nations dependent on it for almost everything. The future is sustainable. While all the nations were investing money to improve their economy back in 2010, China invested in possibly all kinds of research projects to make sure that it becomes self sufficient. The work it has put in 2 decades ago has really paid off well today as China will very soon become the first ever c ountry which uses solar power as its major source of energy. With the investment climate getting better due to the measures taken by Chinese government and by the PBoC, many investors started turning into China. When the investment climate is good, China doesn’t need to worry about investing its surplus in infrastructural development projects. With China adapting all the new technologies to minimize its expenditure, many industries started turning their decision to start their factories in China. With everyone approaching China, it’s now the turn for China to choose the best companies to enter into its environment. The changes adapted by China recently are very aggressive and keeping in mind about the future of Chinese people. With this kind of infrastructure China has proved itself as an Asian dragon with an ability to fight any downturns. T20 Cricket world cup in China 2031 China is all ready for its inauguration t20 world cup. With over 2 decaded of existence in cricket, China has finally decided to make it for the t20 version of cricket in the international arena. Speaking about its future plans, (Chinese Cricket Association) CCA chairman told the reporters that they have been planning for the occasion. They were very positive about their scope and their future in cricket. China is the No.1 country known for its olympic champions. Everyone know that Chinese sports people were known for their commitment. They will give their heart and soul to work when they are up for a task. The team contains a mix of youngsters and experienced people who were practicing day and night to get in for their inaugural T20 world cup entry. With China being qualified for T20 world cup 2031, expectations are set high from their people. Many giants of the game were fearing about China’s presence in this world cup. The upcoming world cup will help them to build their future in the area of cricket. The Chinese coach is very confident about their team winning in the world cup. The stadiums are ready for the world cup. With more than an year left, the Chinese cricket fans were eagerly waiting for their home team to put in their good show. With a tremendous performance in the qualifiers round of T20 World cup, China is very confident in getting into the world cup. As the pitch will be very new for all the countries who are about to participate in the upcomeing year, it would be a great challenge to every one. Playing on their home ground is an advantage for China as they have been used to playing in these conditions. The world itself is very much excited with certain new entrants into the cricket. The pitch in China is behaving a bit differently. Sometimes the pitch seems to be as if like england and sometimes the pitch is very dry and very much suitable for batting. With the climatic conditions similar to most of the countries except few asian countries, this would prove to be a good contest overall.

Full-time Students Vs. Part -t Essay -- essays research papers

Full-time vs. Part-time Students There are many similarities and differences between full and part-time students. Each student is trying for the goal of educating themselves to become more successful in life. As students begin their education there is a sense of motivation and eagerness. Knowing the possible compensations and honor that comes with this achievement. There can be a feeling of tension and uncertainty that comes with this new adventure. If an individual does not become discarded, and is willing to except the challenge of this feat, there is no limit to the success one can attain in their life. Students receive their degree at different times in their lives depending on their finances, responsibilities and time restraints. Full-time students are generally younger, and just out of high school. Full-time students must take a minimum number of courses, generally 12 or more semester hours. They normally have a set semester schedule of daytime or nighttime classes to choose from. They are often eligible for financial aid, or work-study programs because of the higher cost for a higher education. They may also receive a number of scholarships to help pay for their education. Full-time students usually do not have a family or as many outside responsibilities. They usually only have a part-time job and still live at home with their parents. The time restraints that full-time students have are homework, studying and fitting their job schedule into their school schedule. ...

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Psalm 25:9: "The humble He guides in justice, And the humble He teaches His way." Good evening ladies and gentlemen, faculty and staff, family, honored guests, and fellow students. Thank you for coming to our graduation services this evening. My name is Rebekah Hoad and I am the Valedictorian for the graduating class of 2006. I am honored and blessed to be the messenger of years gone by and the inspiration of years to come. This is not only a time to receive a diploma but it is an opportunity to celebrate our lives. A time that represents our past childhood and passage into adulthood. As we embark on life's journey, remember to build on the foundation laid by our parents and teachers. Apply what we have learned and embrace God's love to strive for spiritual maturity. For me, the years have gone by faster than I could ever have imagined. I can still remember walking into my first grade classroom, my very first day at Caleb Christian School. Mrs. Cusic was my teacher and I recall her telling me several times that I was not the teacher. Over the years our school has changed. Teach...

Happy Ending

No guts no glory. No pain no gain. Those are my life mottos. I feel that nothing can be achieved by simply sitting and doing absolutely nothing to make dreams come true. Life can be so hard especially when you are not born with silver spoon in yuor mouth. It is also the time when true friends are hard to comeby just because you do not much money to treat them at Kentucky Fried Chicken or Burger King. That is something that I have experienced ever since my family moves to this metropilitan city and I study in the new school.In my new school I study hard to complete with all my fellow classmates who come from all walks of life but most are from rich background. They have all that I have ever wanted in my life but fail to get. They can buy branded shoes and clothes, unlike my worn out Bata. They afford the latest handphones brands with the latest technology but me? There is nothing I could do to be on par with them. So, I just let them show off their fancy gadgets without feeling remors e with the fact that I am only an ordinary student coming from a family clerk. I just feel sad that they act as if I do not have feelings.I do not feel the least discourage since I know that I can also be like them one day if I work hard enough to score in my SPM exam. Day after day, night after night, I do not to do anything else but concentrate on my studies. Spm examination is just around the corner and I have no other wish apart from wanting to pass Spm with Flying colours. My parents are my inspirations. They always remind me to work hard and hange our fate, make them proud as well as prove to everybody that a son of a plain clerk can also succeed in life and deserve some respect.At times, I feel so stressed out that I almost give up and cry. Nevertheless, thinking of my parent's hope and wishes, I would never surrender and that is my final decision. I engage myseld in group discussion, have consultations with my Physics and Chemistry teachers, the two subjects that I am weak a t as well as burn as much midnight oil as possible to atain my ultimate goal-10A+ in the exam. Sometimes, I feel overworked myself but I know I have to muster every single once of my strength to pull through this ordeal and pray that it will end soon.The most awaited moment has arrived. With prayers and good luck wishes from my father and mother, I step into my examination hall with full awareness that I have to do really well in the exam to realize all my parent's dreams and mine. The torturous moments last for three weeks and as far as I am concerned time really flies but I trust myself that I have given my very best for each paper. March 2013 comes I heard on the television that the SPM result will be out today. With anticipation and nervousness I walk to school with my good friend Samah.I cannot imagine getting less than 8A+ because according to my conselor, only getting 8A+ will I be able to secure any scholarship, something which is very important to me due to my parent's inca pability to pay for my tertiary education. The moment Ms. Asiah, my form teacher hands me the result slip, my heart skips a bea. i am cold from feet to toe from the suspense. Then the moment arrives! It is the most unforgettable time of my life. I mange to get 10A+ and my prayer has been answered. Thank God for giving me apportunity to succeed and make my parents proud. That is the reward for my patience and harwork.

Free Primary Education in Kenya Essay

Introduction Since independence in, Kenya has had its share of the struggle to make it possible for its population attains education for all. This was out of the realization that education of the population would help fight ills that faced the society, among them included; poverty, ignorance, and disease. In fact, the government treated education as a basic right for every Kenyan child. Education has ever since been regarded as a fundamental factor for human capital development. In response to this urge, government developed policy documents that sort to expand access to education for its citizens. It is internationally recognized that everyone has a right to education, as agreed upon at various international conferences. Kenya tried to take the declarations seriously by ensuring that children have free access to basic education. The introduction of the Free Primary Education Policy in Kenya in 2003, however, provokes analysts to offer criticisms on the same. We can try to understand the concept of Free Primary Education by raising fundamental philosophical questions that may help us reflect on the policy. Reasons for introducing Free primary education. As already introduced earlier, there have been good reasons for the provision of education for all citizens. The Kenyan government and other leaders believed that an educated populace will, among other things, be in a position to combat poverty, ignorance, and fight diseases. Inspired by these objectives and that of international concern, Kenya may be justified in its continued quest for the introduction of policies that seek to expand the education sector. Since independence, the country has witnessed an increase in the number of learning institutions. Literacy levels, especially, among the adults have increased tremendously. Educational services and facilities have spread all over the country ensuring relative uniformity in the levels of education among the people. Research findings revealed that the enrollment at primary schools has more than doubled and indication that people needed the service seriously. However, there have been significant regional disparities as well as gender disparities in the primary schools as far as access to education is concerned (UNESCO, 2005). This has been one of the major reasons for the  continued need for Universal Primary Education (UPE). This actually acknowledges that the need for free primary education is justifiable. With these as mental notes politicians used it to identify a powerful tool to include in their campaign manifestos. And in 2002, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) politicians effectively tapped the opportunity resulting in their landslide victory to power during the general election. Nature of free primary school Those who came up with the policy mush have thought out well the use of the terms that would sell the policy. In its technical sense, the statement meant the abolition of fees in all government schools as from 2003 academic year, provision of some learning materials to pupils, parents would continue to buy school uniforms and other agreed-upon levies, and that the funding of other non-salary expenditure comes in the form of grants from the government. However, with the political euphoria that swept the country then, the literal meaning of the policy was oversimplified to the level that it even confused further the actors in education. For purposes of wooing voters, politicians implied that the education of their children would be completely free of charge. Parents were the most affected by this assertion since by January 2003 they had no plans to incur any costs in the education of their children at the primary school level. The then Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) declared the FPE Policy in Kenya. The government and development partners were to pay fees and levies for tuition, meet the cost of basic teaching and learning materials as well as wages for critical non-teaching staff and co-curricular activities. Parents were then expected to facilitate the refurbishing of existing facilities. Any additional charges were to be approved by the government through the ministry of education. The complexity of the problem is heightened by the use of the word ‘free’. Free as a term in English means to be able to act at will, not hampered; not under compulsion or restraint to do something. It also means costing nothing. The term has other numerous meanings that differ under given circumstances or contexts. We may therefore even wonder whether education can be free or not. Is it possible to resist education incase one is not interested in taking it freely? If free is taken to mean what is supposed to mean in this context, how free is free? This term, therefore, may be ambiguous and is subject to misrepresentations and hence prone to misinterpretations. This is most likely to occur if little effort is made to clarify the meaning of the usage. Clarity is one of the most important elements of any policy so as to avoid multiple interpretations. Community participation The third concern here is the need to understand how the stakeholders in the education understood the policy. The policy was formulated without consulting those who are closely concerned with practice of education and those are teachers and parents. This resulted in the lack of clear guidelines for the implementation of free education as a government policy. The teachers were not adequately prepared to manage the influx of pupils of all ages. Little effort was made to in-service teachers and carry out seminars for the parents in order to prepare them for the great changes that awaited them. In fact, as already mentioned above, many parents had a general misconception about the meaning of ‘free’ education. Most of them thought that they were no longer expected to play any role in the running of the school hence they lost a sense of ownership. Since the local fundraising and voluntary contributions for schools, by implication, were abolished, communities also thought that they had no role to play in the running of the school since the government will take care of everything. This lack of proper communication becomes our major concern; from a philosophical perspective. This, therefore, calls for a sustained and comprehensive communication strategy for the policy if it is to remain practical. The policy should also clarify the sources of funding for the program, adequately explain the roles of various stakeholders, provide a framework for instilling discipline especially due to the age-variation in the enrolled pupils, and provide regular communication about the developments in the program. For a young graduate of less than thirty years expecting an old man like Mzee Maruga in class, it has effects on production and end results of the teacher. How ell prepared was the teacher to handle such age disparities among the pupils? This then becomes an enigmatic question. Logistical planning With the challenges facing the implementation of the FPE program, we may also investigate to know whether adequate logistics for its implementation were put in place. A well designed policy should be logically arranged from the point of initial implementation and the subsequent stages. This implies that the policy makers should be in a position to anticipate the possible risks and take precautionary measures to address them. However, from a critical analysis of the free education in Kenya, it is evident that little was done as far as ensuring the successful implementation of the program is concerned. A good policy is supposed to point out the possible huddles and recommendations for overcoming them. Poor planning has affected the program in many ways. One of the most obvious is shortage of teaching and learning resources. The delay in remittance of the funds and the its poor management at the school level has cause a serious problem where what is supposed to have been supplied is only there in record but not in reality. Even the research that has been done by the donor organizations, showed serious shortages caused by absence of what was supposed to have been supplied. Given that the managers, who in this case are the head teachers, were not trained on management of finances and how to make reports, advantage was taken quickly to syphone the same funds into their own usage. Overcrowding The other aspect is characterized by overcrowding in most primary schools due to increased enrollments and hence increased pupil-teacher ratio. In fact, congestion in classrooms has made a mockery of the rationale for the introduction of FPE program. The characteristic delay in the release of government funds only serve to crown the already created problems. It beats logic to cause more problems in the process of solving another. The report by the Development bank for Reconstruction and Development 2009, reported that, most communities did not bother to support the buildings of the school for they were assured that the government would do all. But this was not the case, most schools now look ike abandoned dens, where no human beings dwell. The buildings are dilapidated and now parents are withdrawing their children to private schools, and thus see the growth of private schools. The policy is also strict on any attempts by the school committees to solicit funds from parents. This has made them feel so constrained in their duties of managing the school owing to the cumbersome procedures required for instituting levies. Turning a blind eye on the potential threats accompanying such a sensitive policy as is FPE is utmost disregard of fundamental concerns. In addition to clarity, therefore, logic requires a comprehensive analysis of a policy like the FPE with an aim of identifying the underlying assumptions and the ultimate implications, especially upon implementation. This will ensure systematic implementation and timely solution of emerging issues. The government should make an effort to supervise the policy at the grassroots level. Up to recent most poor parents still belief that the promises government made at election time will still be done forgetting that much was election promise and once the vote is given all is forgotten. Even to increase the number of teachers as a basic concern has not been looked at. Why then should the government give people something that does not work? Too few teachers as compared to too many students results into poor performance, while the children of the able ones get better education in private schools. Education and social change Looking at all these aspects how can education be looked upon as the ultimate solution to societal problems? Although research findings reveal that there is a positive correlation between the level of education and economic prosperity, it may be a misguided opinion to believe that free education is the sole solution of social problems. This concern is related to the motives of introducing free education programs by the government of Kenya since independence. Pupils will still drop out of school due to other reasons and not for economic reasons. Holistic approaches as advocated by the international Universal Primary Education (UPE), therefore, should be adopted if education is to play a greater role in empowering the populace. Conclusion The challenges experienced in the implementation of FPE program can be traced to the uncritical design of the policy. Many political considerations seem to take center-stage during the proposal and formulation of such policies which end up creating more problems later. This implies that a clear and logical situation analysis should be conducted if meaningful policies are to be developed and hence ensuring their sustainability. The bottom line here, therefore, is the need to raise fundamental philosophical questions during the primary stages of any policy formulation in order to ensure that all concerns are dealt with in advance. That implies that good planning is required. This ensures logistical problems to be sorted out in advance, training be done of those who are directly involved from the grassroots levels. And in the case of primary schools, parents and teachers are to be explained to understand the role for each player. Unless the community is meant to understand it becomes hard for the policy to succeed. References 1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (2009). Abolishing school fees in Africa: lessons from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Mozambique: a publication of the World Bank in Collaboration with UNICEF. World Bank Publications 2. UNESCO (March 2005). Challenges of Implementing free Primary Education in Kenya. Assessment Report. UNESCO Nairobi Office.

Promoting Internally in Expatriate Management

Many companies deal with expatriate executives/personnel in a variety of ways. In determining an expatriate there is no right or wrong way. The difference is determined by how the company is trying to meet their goals. The selection process for an expatriate varies significantly from one company to another. When a company has entered the international/global market, it is vital for that company to decide upon which method to use for determining their expatriate executive/personnel. The two methods available are outsourcing and promoting internally. This paper will focus upon promoting internally. Cook (1999, p. 177) said, â€Å"Large established companies that have multiple global operations; Companies that are just starting their international operations that may not have experienced staff to effectively handle international HR situations; and Companies whose business needs fluctuate as overseas projects are initiated and completed. † If your company has decided to outsource then there are many sites on the web that are specifically geared towards outsourcing. Some of these locations are: http://www. iorworld. com http://www. ems. com http://www. expat. ca http://escapeartist. com Many companies and organizations will decide to internally promote and produce an expatriate executive rather than outsourcing the process. When a company or corporation does decide to promote internally many factors must be considered. The company will have to decide where to build the new facility, what products to produce, what resources to use, where to get the resources, what governmental policies must the facility adhere too, the size of the facility, and so on. The HR department will be responsible for developing the policies and procedures necessary for operating/running the plant. One of the first steps the HR department will be to develop the specific knowledge, skills, and attributes (KSA) and training necessary for success as an expatriate executive. However, Training will not be discussed but the process was mentioned because it is a vital ingredient to the success of the expatriate executive. Before selecting the individual, the company needs to take into consideration the family of the individual. The company will have to prepare not only the employee or executive but also their family. Once an individual has been selected, the expatriate will need to be rewarded some way. This will be discussed later. When deciding on the executive/employee to promote to an expatriate position, several KSA are desired. According to Desatnick and Bennet (1977, p. 41-148) the areas that need to be considered for an expatriate executive in order of importance are adaptability/flexibility, high tolerance for frustration and patience, empathy/understanding, high intellectual capacity, ability to learn language, problem-solving ability, opportunity mindedness, results orientated, decision making ability, communication skills, integrity, priorities skills, and professionalism. An HR department will have to decide upon which areas are more important and applicable to their organizations in order to promote the right individual. The individual will have to be flexible and patient due to the cultural difference between the countries. What is standard in one nation might not be in the other. What could be considered a standard or norm here may be considered as rudeness or affectionate in another. A thorough understanding of the new culture is vital to the success of the expatriate in that country. When an individual begins to understand the culture, hen they must be able to make decisions and solve problems within a timely matter. The person will need to have a high level of intelligence, perception, and imagination in order to succeed. The expatriate will have to be able to communicate efficiently with all forms of communications bases (writing, speaking, training, motivating, etc) and know when and what to prioritize. The expatriate should be aware that they are an extended image of the company/organization and should be professional and have integrity beyond reproach. In determining who will be an expatriate, the company will need to look at the family of the expatriate. â€Å"We not only have to deal with the employee†s ability to adapt to another culture, but most now add another variable: the spouse and family. It has been documented by countless researchers that spouses are a critically important aspect of a successful expatriate experience. † (Schell & Solomon, 1997, p. 153) The family of the expatriate plays a vital role in how successful the expatriate will be. Once an expatriate has been determined, then the ompany must provide rewards or benefits to this individual. These perks or benefits should include some if not all of the following: â€Å"Salary, Annual incentives, Long-term incentives, Benefits, and Perquisites. † (Cook, 1999, p. 39) These areas could be broken down in to several areas. Some of these areas are known as allowances. Some of the most common allowances are Housing, Education, Relocation, Cost-of-living, and Exchange rate fluctuations as determined by Bennet & Desatnick (1977, p. 211-218). In conclusion once a company has selected the process f determining an expatriate (outsourcing or internally) then they must decide on the HR policies and procedures in selecting an individual, and then providing that individual with compensation for being an expatriate. These processes and procedures developed by the HR department need to be specific. Most companies realize the importance of an expatriate executive in their foreign facilities. The foreign facility will only be as effective and efficient as the expatriate executive. The selection of the company†s expatriate executive is vitally important to the success of the company in a foreign country.

Career Research Project on Business Management Essay

1.JOB TITLE Business Administration and Management, or Sales Management JOB DESCRIPTION Direct the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Establish training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and to monitor the preference of the consumer. Daily activities include selling or influencing others-convincing others to buy merchandise or otherwise changing their minds. Making decisions and solving problems, evaluating, and analyzing information and data to make decisions and solve problems. Establishing and maintaining a rappur with customers and employees. Basically providing structure within the company and making authority decisions. Sources: Career in Business by Richard Watkins page 27-35, Myers Briggs, Best Jobs for the 21st Century Second 2.EDUCATION/TRAINING REQUIREMENTS Work experience plus degree, preferably 4 year degree. Majoring in Business Administration and Management, in which most schools offer degrees in business. Prerequisites that are needed to take and helpful would include macroeconomics, intro to business, accounting, microeconomics, Principals of Management and Organization, and many other courses that will prepare you for the management field. The current cost per credit at USF is $84.77 for Florida residents, the overall cost for 2 years for a business degree including cost of living would roughly be estimated at $31,930.00 excluding financial assistance, grants, and possible scholarships. Source: www.usf.edu  under prospective student. 3.CHARACTERISTICS OF OCCUPATION Personality type: Enterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. In management for example would include leading people and making many decisions, requiring risk taking. Abilities: Oral comprehension-the ability to listen to and to understand information and ideas presented verbally. Written comprehension-the ability to read and understand information and ideas in writing. The ability to communicate information verbally so that others will understand. Speech clarity-the ability to speak clearly and educated so that it is understood. The biggest skills of all to me is the Speaking, being able to talk to others to effectively explain information and using critical thinking to use logic and analyze the strength and weaknesses of different approaches. In general you have to obtain a people person communication with a positive attitude and motivational actions towards the company and the employees. Sources: Occupational Outlook Handbook page 347 4.TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK Speculated at 23% growth with 89,237 annual job openings with 2.4% being self employed and 2.6% part timers. My interviewee stated that there will always be plenty of job openings and positions available for anyone with a degree in business rather if its for sales management or even corporate america because we are a consumer based country, all though this does have its ups and downs regarding the economy there will always be positions needed for qualified good character, educated, leading, person for any company. There will always be a need for leaders in companies. Sources: Best Jobs for the 21st century Second Edition by Farr Ludden page 206 5.SALARIES Yearly earnings according to The best jobs of the 21st century is $57,300.  According to my interviewee, the average sales management is usually also based on commission and perks within the corporation but says at least $30,000 annually but up to sky’s the limit depending on your motivation, desire, and determination to succeed. Sources: Best Jobs for the 21st century Second Edition by Farr Ludden page 206

Statistical Applications

The pie chart shows percentage among adults with diagnosed diabetes receiving treatment of insulin or oral medication. It is normally used to present the data. I believe that this was a proper graph used to present the data. The information is clear. The data was presented in a good visual that I could recognize the patterns and trends. The colors used to differentiate type of treatment are helpful. Was this the best way to display the data? What other types of graphs could have been used? This is the most appropriate chart for this type of data presentation. The Pie chart was the best way to present and display the data. Another type of graph or chart that could have been used is the bar graph. Both are graphs showing proportion. They produce the same information just in different forms Is the scope and scale of the graph appropriate? Why or why not? The scale of the chart was appropriate for the article and how it was presented. This article was part of a journal article and the chart had to be inserted into the article so the scale was appropriate. Does the chart or graph support the findings in the article? Why or why not? The pie chart was described clearly in the article with percentage and the type of treatment. The article also unclouded the source of data, it has the credential to the reader.

A critical analysis of the globalization strategy of a multinational Essay

A critical analysis of the globalization strategy of a multinational company (Coca-Cola) - Essay Example While conceding to the fact that internationalisation is a risky endeavour, international business theory has proposed a number of risk-minimising strategies and a set of recommendations for the constructive exploitation of globalisation for the purposes of profit maximisation. Needless to say, while some corporations have successfully implemented these recommendations and have substantially expanded their markets and financial returns as a result, others have not. This research looks at one of the corporations which has successfully reaped the rewards of globalisation: Coca-Cola. Drawing on international business theory, the study engages in a critical analysis of Coca-Cola's external and internal environments for the purposes of shedding light on its corporate strategy and the uncovering the determinants of its success. The analyses, which utilise Porter's Five Forces, SWOT and PEST, indicates that Coca Cola's success is a direct outcome of an internationalisation strategy which is deeply considerate of the particularities and peculiarities of the various national markets within which it operates. 1 Introduction Multinational corporations are popularly regarded as the primary beneficiaries of globalisation. In his defence and justification of this claim, Wartick and Wood (2006) highlight the immediate correlation between the removal of barriers to international trade and foreign direct investment and the growth and expansion of the global activities of multinational companies. While not disputing this claim, the fact is that multinational companies are not simply the primary beneficiaries of globalisation but the purveyors of globalisation. In other words, globalisation was spearheaded by globally-minded, expansionist corporations such as Coca-Cola. Indeed, as Wartick and Wood (2006) argue, corporations such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Phillip Morris, Nestle and several others globalised business through international expansion via mergers, acquisitions and franchises, prior to the inception of globalisation. The implication here is that Coca-Cola, among others played a seminal role in the glo balisation of the international economy and, indeed, designed and pursued global business strategies prior to the passage and subsequent enforcement of WTO rules. This perspective on the role of multinational companies in the globalisation process can be validated through a brief, albeit critical, review of the implications of multinationals. Understanding the role of multinationals in globalisation and the degree to which, if at all, globalisation impacted the strategies of MNC, is contingent upon knowing the meaning of MNC. Gershon (1997, p. 3) offers a very precise and concise definition of the concept, writing that a multinational corporation is "a nationally based company with overseas operations in two or more countries" (Gershon, 1997, p. 3). As may have been inferred from the introductory paragraph and as most are well aware of, multinational corporations are a significant part of the contemporary global economy and, without any doubt, its primary players. The power which multinationals command and the extent of their influence on the economy, whether at the national, regional or global level, is explicitly explained in Jacoby's (1984, p. 5) description of the multinational cor

Youth and Urban Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Youth and Urban Culture - Essay Example While examining the youth culture and subcultures it has been seen that it is important that the youth are taught to adapt conventional political and moral outlooks and are habituated to discipline in working life. Subcultures emerge as solution to problems that are collectively faced because of challenges in the social structure (Brake ix). The objective of this paper is to talk about the influence of the youth on the urban culture, bringing out the behavioral patterns and lifestyles of the former especially in modern urban setting. Youth as Subculture The study of subculture is done in relation with the broader system of society. It includes symbolisms of clothing, music and other interests of the subculture and also how such symbolisms are looked upon by the members of the broader culture that dominates the subculture. In any subculture there is the struggle for establishment of subgroups of different values and lifestyles (Brake 3). Youth subculture represents themselves with the ir own style, interests and behaviour through their activities. They often adhere to their own rules outside their social institutions like home or school. They consciously form a signature style of their own which they relish and exploit (Gelder & Thornton, 1). Style is significant in subculture. It transforms the normal process and goes â€Å"against nature†. ... There was a dramatic change in the cultural expression of the class. With the introduction of mass media, shift from joint families to nuclear families, changes in the school and work organisations, all these resulted in disintegrating and polarizing the community of the working class. This method of polarization gave rise to youth culture (Hebdige 74). In the post war era the youth began to exhibit many â€Å"non-solidaristic elements† with the culture of their parents. The dominant culture of the parents refused to comply with the status established by the youth. This led to the youth being a â€Å"vehicle for anti-establishment currents† (Jenks 122). Cultural Significance There are many specific factors behind the youth culture and some of them are rise in the spending power among the youth of the working class, emergence of market as an outlet for spending the surplus income and reformations in the field of education. All these factors led to a consciousness among t he younger generation to create an identity of their own and often they were rebellious against the traditional norms. Youth was being regarded as a separate culture as they began to adopt their own style and behavioral patterns. In the 1920s, it was understood that youth culture is not devoid of classes when evidence was garnered on juvenile criminals on streets and bootleggers (Hebdige, 74-75). The youth subculture enforces their own social practices, lifestyle, choice of clothes, types of television programs, music and friendship groups. The attempt of the youth to maintain a separate cultural world from the adults is not insignificant. Such forms of â€Å"symbolic creativity† are essential for daily life for the young people and should be considered as an essential part of human

Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Assignment - Essay Example It often comes with some challenges. This paper explores the benefits of working for an international firm as well as the disadvantages. First, working for an international company like BMW gives a person the chance of experiencing a new country with different culture. There is a possibility of an employee being posted to a foreign country, which is impossible with local companies. Working in a new country gives an employee the opportunity to explore places he or she may not have travelled to and experience new cultural practices across the world while getting paid. As such, working for an international firm is an adventure worth exploring. Second, working with foreign people at BMW enables one to get new business perspectives. Working in an international firm gives one an opportunity to develop a global view on business operations. Different countries have different approaches to doing business. As such, a person who works for an international firm is better placed to learn more about international business compared with someone who works for a local firm. Third, international firms like BMW usually offer their employees more competitive salaries compared to domestic firms. By accepting foreign appointment, one is likely to receive a potential increase in his or her income. This makes working for an international organization more of a fun and rewarding more than working for domestic firms. Fourth, BMW has a diverse workforce, which gives one the chance to experience the benefits of diversity in the workplace. The company is likely to give one a crucial opportunity of working with individuals of diverse backgrounds. One is in a position to learn different ways of solving a particular problem because different communities have different problem-solving approaches. While working for international companies such as BMW seems lucrative, there are some challenges for individuals who work for these organizations. First, cultural

Johns Gospel and the New Testament Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Johns Gospel and the New Testament - Assignment Example   It would be interesting to note that what the Gospel of John fairly implies would be quite difficult to grasp and understand for early Jews which the Gospel of Luke can compensate. It is probably why the character of Nicodemus found its way in the production of Stevens (The Greatest Story Ever Told) totally unheard in the Gospel of John that most films depict a rendition according to the Gospel of Luke. In this regard, it is clear that directors Kirsch, Sykes and Stevens wish to simplify the storyline rather than dwell on a symbolism that is sometimes hard to decipher for a varied audience. Translation of the Bible particularly in the New Testament for films usually takes on a lot of work to produce a biblically-accurate full-length life of Jesus that will be unbiased and in a well-presented manner. The producers of Sykes and Krisch's(The Jesus Film,1979) made their statements that literally adapted the Gospel of Luke because of "its completeness" according to John Heyman. One go od example that the opening of the film quotes the Gospel of John however interestingly, the omission, in particular, the crown of thorns which was never mentioned in Luke (yet dramatized in the Gospel of John) fought its way in the actual film. The New Testament as a great book of history and literature requires a sharper insight useful for both teaching and training in righteousness. It, however, stands as the subject of numerous rebuttals that requires incessant studies. In the New Testament, it is my belief that the works of John, Luke and Matthew provides a basis for comparison in a theological aspect and an interesting picture that has influenced the works of Milton, Whitman, and Shakespeare among others. College study of the bible and its analysis holds answers to the readings that teenage bible classes have aroused a profound mental picture. Full steam, we push ahead and participate in the strenuous activity of discovering new heights that forever seeks answers to the hypoth etical questions of its depth and meaning. However, Walsh argues that Jesus films tell as much about the changes in American culture as they do about Jesus. This leaves enough room for contention regarding the reality and the human aspect and behavior of Jesus Christ that the Gospel of Luke depicts him to be. In all its simplicity, we wish to see how Jesus lived and behaved through his youth and teenage life that is seemingly lacking in most films and absent in the chronology of the Bible. Enough focus dwells on the last three years of Jesus' adult life that proclaims his divinity in Aland(1982), but the emphasis of his subjectivity as a human being commands a higher interest pertaining to the allegations of his sexual union with a human being. What would also be an interesting feature is the continuance of Jesus teachings that evolved into the present day religion claimed by the Roman Catholicism. As early as childhood, we have learned of Jesus' association as the son of God in the religious aspect. Latest findings regarding his human nature have baffled mere readers and common followers. It would be more helpful to note that Jesus is not a belief system but rather a reality that participates in the redemption of every human being.  There is nothing to delete in the biblical chapters if only to maintain what is written beforehand unlike the pages of history books that forever needs to be rewritten to accommodate new findings. But in all honesty, the truth should be annexed into the end pages of the bible and with any other related book that is created summative or critical.

Global Media Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Global Media Management - Essay Example However based on the target audience the product display and message varied for majority of the companies. There are some aspects of any website that determine its satisfaction such as navigability, playfulness, information quality, trust, personalization and responsiveness. According to Todaro (2007) the value prepositions offered by website is interactivity, integration of multimedia, real-time buying behavior of the consumers and consumer response, electronic commerce and return on investment. Internet marketing consists of search engine optimization, online advertisement, pay per click campaigns (PPC), e-commerce, online permission marketing and promotional e-mail (Todaro, 2007). However the website or virtual presence is usually practiced with the other strategies for by the marketers today. In the case of skin care products, the consumer involvement increases with increasing price of the product and brand name. Consumers may be involved in the point of purchase behavior where they buy product when it is physically displayed in a retail outlet. In the case of online purchasing, it can be more for the repeat purchase that a consumer can place an order. The websites ranking high in terms of traffic are effective in their product display, gaining viewers’ attention and retaining the attention by providing informative content to them. Most of the popular skincare companies provided details on the product effectiveness, how it works and what is special in it which makes it effective. On the other hand the websites with low traffic have dull presentations of products; information is very limited or presented in uninteresting manner and dull color scheme of the website. There were visible difference in the way products were displayed and web pages were navigated in the websites that were receiving heavy flow of traffic. There were some known brands which have market reputation and

Description of his CLINICAL experience as a student in US from March Essay

Description of his CLINICAL experience as a student in US from March till Sept 1st - Essay Example Soon after I finish my rounds, the physician in charge would normally arrive and I would join them during their own rounds just so I could be on hand to explain any questions they may have had about my patient notes. Since these doctors normally had a significant number of patients admitted in the hospital, they did not have the time to spare when it came to admission of new patients in the emergency room under their care so I would often go to the emergency room in such cases in order to represent the doctor as part of his medical staff. My job during this part of the admissions process was to help diagnose what was ailing the patient and what possible stop gap measures can be applied until the doctor in charge can actually see the patient. My emergency room notes would then become part of the patients diagnosis chart that the doctor uses in considering the possible illnesses and treatment for the patient. Whenever called upon, I also took on the task of writing the discharge summar ies for patients who were getting their â€Å"clear to go home† certifications. Most of the work I did as described above was done under the excellent supervision of Dr. Varon from internal medicine. He willingly allowed me to see some of his patients in order to help hone my diagnosing skills. I wrote notes pertaining to his patients conditions that he would then interestingly discuss with me, allowing me a chance to suggest various treatments and looking into the results of the treatments as I applied them to the patient. He was very supportive and allowed me a tremendous amount of room to grow and learn as a physician. Aside from working extensively with Dr. Varon in his clinic, I also completed hours in the radiology department. Here I helped the technicians run their x-ray machines, analyzed the x-ray results alongside a licensed radiologist. I also participated in the performance of ultrasound, MRI, and CT scan examinations, helping the technicians to properly analyze

Meaning and the Symbolical Features of Organisations Essay

Meaning and the Symbolical Features of Organisations - Essay Example The narratives, which is also referred to as organizational stories, sagas, and myths, work to guide members in understanding and representing the organization’s objective and the function of its members. The organizational narrative gives information about ideologies and standards, and it plays several roles in an organization—resolving gaps between the past and the present, moderating power relations, prevention of conflict, and reconciliation of tensions between individual and organizational interests (Gabriel, 2000, p.10). This essay discusses the relationship between narrative and heritage. A narrative in Organisations There is seven types of narrative that have been observed to occur in various organizations. First are narratives about how the organisation solves problems; second are narratives about how the person in charge or the manager responds to mistakes; third are stories addressing the issue of how much assistance or support an organisation will give to it s people when they have to transfer regularly; fourth are narratives about how an organisation acts when confronted with the likelihood of laying off or discharging employees (Czarniawska, 1998, pp. 2-3); fifth is a narrative about the likelihood of a praiseworthy employee being recognised or rewarded by the organisation; sixth is a narrative about the level of respect and compassion the manager shows in relation to his/her subordinates; and seventh is a narrative about breaking the rules wherein a senior manager violates a rule which his/her subordinate should then implement (Czarniawska, 1998, p. 3). Every narrative has good and bad versions, which always reveal the conflicts that develop from a tension between individual values and organizational interests. These conflicts relate to the problems of control vs. chaos, stability vs. instability, and equality vs. hierarchy within the organization (Lipman, 1999, p. 22). When these narratives or events come together to form a broader or more complete narrative, the central identity or purpose is formed. This central narrative consolidates events and experiences into a main interpretative system for the organization. In an article of the Administrative Quarterly Review, dedicated to the discussion of organizational culture, several organizational experts talked about techniques they have created for explaining the interpretative structures that work at more profound aspects of an organization (Polkinghorne, 1988, p. 122). For instance, as a support for planning and dealing with problems, Mitroff and Killman encouraged bosses to relate stories about an organization; afterward, they grouped them in accordance to the Jungian personality styles.

Trans World Airlines (TWA) Essay Example for Free

Trans World Airlines (TWA) Essay Before Trans World Airlines (TWA) had expressed its interest to acquire Ozark Airlines (Ozark), it had already established itself so it will achieve dominance once the merger took place. The company initially equipped itself with knowledge and resources that will bring them to an advantage over Ozark. TWA went through three primary agreements prior to the acquisition on which it had displayed aggressive influence on all of them. In the Wraparound Agreement, TWA pilots used threats so they can have complete participation in drafting the merger terms with Ozark. They warned that they will withdraw their membership in the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) if the terms will not be drafted to serve their best interest. This control over the acquisition terms was amplified when TWA pilots and ALPA made an agreement with Icahn (the biggest stockholder of TWA) that they will â€Å"extend the wage and benefit concessions† in exchange for full influential power over the details of the merger agreement (Pierce Dougherty 146). The â€Å"threat† strategy was also used to compel Ozark pilots to sign the contract under the merger agreement. An Ozark respondent described that TWA had threatened to take additional 10 airplanes on top of the 4 already acquired and to lay off more pilots if the contracts were not signed. The same strategy was also used so TWA will obtain compliance among Ozark employees. The former had instilled the concept of it being a â€Å"big airline company absorbing a small airline company.† Hence, the latter as the â€Å"small company† should submit to their authority. Another communication practice used by TWA to display its dominance is by branding the employees. Branding was defined as the manner of creating a distinction between a TWA employee and a former Ozark employee. In databases, for example, Ozark employees were reported to have an asterisk symbol or big red letters â€Å"OZARK† beside their names. It appeared that though the two airline companies had merged, an internal division was still maintained. The â€Å"branding† also implied certain restrictions for the Ozark pilots. Contractual boundaries were set. These were referred to as â€Å"fences† (Pierce Dougherty 150). A TWA pilot attested that there were existing contracts that restricted former Ozark pilots to fly some of the aircrafts until a specific seniority level on TWA standards was acquired. Training opportunities for former Ozark pilots were also very low. With these restrictions, a seniority level which means better wages, benefits, equipment assignments and cockpit positions will be difficult or will take a longer time to attain for former Ozark pilots. The division was an accepted fact for both TWA and former Ozark employees. To further demonstrate this reality, both parties still display their distinctive badges, colors or pins. Some even had symbolic tattoos on their bodies. Pierce Dougherty interpreted this as an approach by the dominated party to display resistance (152). Through their unique colors or pins, former Ozark employees reinforced their identity amidst TWA’s dominant structure. Some former Ozark pilots also exhibited their identity by not adopting TWA’s flying standards. These forms of resistance may not have altered TWA’s dominance but former Ozark employees had gained their own source of personal power by identifying themselves as â€Å"Ozarks† (Pierce Dougherty 154). Through the case study made by Pierce and Dougherty which tracked the pre-acquisition and acquisition of Ozark by TWA, it was established that power-as-domination can be created, enacted and maintained through communication processes (157). TWA’s behavior was seen to be very influential from the very start. Since they were at an advantage when it came to resources and size, they were able to threaten other organizations such as ALPA to get what they want and how things should happen. Former Ozark employees also feared these threats and had no recourse but to follow what TWA mandated to avoid losing their jobs. It is evident from the case study that TWA made no effort to erase the division that resulted from the apparent disparity with the former Ozark employees. Instead, they reinforced the situation by further defining limits hence preventing any opportunity for the former Ozark employees to step up from their places and be an equal. This, as it appeared, was a way to preserve the status quo which had TWA as the dominating company. Pierce and Dougherty, however, described this situation as very unhealthy. They said this fosters a negative environment, lower productivity and lower commitment among the employees especially toward the parent company (157). From the authors’ observations in the workplace, TWA pilots and former Ozark pilots rarely interact as one group. Conversations were usually brief and only because urgency or necessity. The lack of unity was all the more evident by the different colors, pins or badges that the employees displayed to show the airline company where they had originated. Some former Ozark pilots also refused to follow certain standards as they do not conform to what they had been doing in the past. Pierce and Dougherty recommended that managers should not tolerate such differences within the company that came from a merger. The merging of two companies should be seen as a partnership not as â€Å"one company swallowing another† (158). The merger should invest on the strengths of both companies and strive to develop a better combined company that can compete with any similar company in the world. In the process of recognizing the contribution of each individual employee, whether he/she is a TWA employee or a former Ozark employee, communication processes that exhibit power imbalances will be minimized or will even be non-existent. Threats will no longer be necessary to achieve compliance and commitment. Instead, there will only be one airline company achieving its targets from the combined powers of TWA and Ozark. Reference: Pierce, Tamyra Dougherty, Debbie S. â€Å"The Construction, Enactment and Maintenance of Power-As-Domination through an Acquisition: the Case of TWA and Ozark Airlines.† Management Communication Quarterly 16.2 (2002): 129-164.

Le Secteur Pharmaceutique Doit Actuellement French Essay

Le Secteur Pharmaceutique Doit Actuellement French Essay Le secteur pharmaceutique doit actuellement faire face diffrents problmes. En effet, dici 2012, les leaders du march vont perdre les brevets de leurs produits vedettes. Une fois tombs dans le domaine public, ces brevets vont ainsi pouvoir profiter aux mdicaments gnriques qui gagnent de plus en plus de part de march. De plus, les gouvernements des pays industrialiss rentrent dans une politique de rduction des dpenses lies la sant ce qui a pour consquences des dremboursements de mdicaments et une baisse des prix. Il est de plus en plus complexe et long de lancer un mdicament sur le march ce qui a pour consquences daugmenter les coà »ts et de diminuer la dure de vie du produit sur le march. Face cela, les groupes de lindustrie pharmaceutique se rapproche et crent une pression concurrentielle de plus en plus importante. Lentreprise pharmaceutique Merck, consciente des challenges que lui impose son environnement, a dcid en 2009 de fusionner avec un de ses concurrents: Shering Plough. En effet, aprs Introduction Lindustrie pharmaceutique reprsente aujourdhui le secteur le plus fructueux de lconomie mondiale.Laugmentation significative de lesprance de vie, laccs de plus en plus large aux diffrents services de sant et la science en perptuel progrs sont trois des nombreux facteurs expliquant limportance de linfluence de cette industrie sur notre conomie. Bien que trs rentable, cette industrie prsente aussi diffrents obstacles pour les entreprises qui doivent ainsi relever de nombreux dfis sur ce march. En effet, celles ci doivent affronter une concurrence trs importante, notamment due aux mdicaments gnriques. De plus, les entreprises pharmaceutiques doivent faire face une vigilance croissante venant des autorits (la FDA et la EMEA) ce qui ralentit souvent la commercialisation de leurs produits. Enfin, une barrire financire freine souvent les entreprises, les budgets ncessaires la recherche et au dveloppement des produits tant excessivement importants. Afin de se maintenir sur le march, les entreprises doivent continuellement revoir leur stratgie et sont ainsi amenes se transformer en prenant dimportantes dcisions stratgiques. Cest le cas de lentreprise Merck qui, jusquen 2009, tait la 7me plus grande entreprise du march pharmaceutique et qui a dcid de fusionner avec un de ses concurrents Schering Plough, devenant ainsi le 2me leader mondial pharmaceutique. Afin de comprendre les facteurs responsables de cette dcision de fusion, nous prsenterons dans un premier temps le secteur pharmaceutique dans son ensemble et son environnement concurrentiel puis nous nous focaliserons sur lentreprise Merck. Puis dans un deuxime temps nous analyserons les causes internes et externes lentreprise qui ont encourag cette dcision. Enfin, nous tudierons la dcision de fusion plus en dtail, son droulement, ses modalits et les diffrentes consquences. Diagnostique interne et externe de lentreprise Merck 1.1 Analyse externe: le secteur pharmaceutique Lanalyse externe de lentreprise Merck a pour but de comprendre les dynamiques de lenvironnement sur sa position stratgique et va donc ainsi nous aider expliquer sa stratgie de croissance et quels ont t les attraits et ses performances. Lindustrie pharmaceutique est un secteur conomique abritant la recherche, la fabrication et la commercialisation de mdicaments destins la mdecine. Nous allons donc ainsi analyser lensemble de ce secteur en dcrivant son activit, son environnement et ses concurrents. 1.1.1 Lactivit pharmaceutique Lactivit du secteur pharmaceutique est destine produire des mdicaments. Il faut savoir que sa dfinition rpond une dfinition juridique prcise. Larticle L. 5111-1 du code de la sant publique dfinit le mdicament comme suit:  «On entend par mdicament toute substance ou composition prsente comme possdant des proprits curatives ou prventives lgard des maladies humaines ou animales, ainsi que toute substance ou composition pouvant à ªtre utilise chez lhomme ou chez lanimal ou pouvant leur à ªtre administre, en vue dtablir un diagnostic mdical ou de restaurer, corriger ou modifier leurs fonctions physiologiques en exerà §ant une action pharmacologique, immunologique ou mtabolique. » Pour quun mdicament soit commercialis, il ncessite davoir reà §u lautorisation de mise sur le march (AMM). Il est prsent sous un conditionnement spcifique, sous la marque de lexploitant, identifi par une dnomination et fabriqu industriellement. Sur le march, il existe diffrents types de mdicaments: Les mdicaments dtenant un brevet (nous verrons plus tard la notion de brevet) Les gnriques: cest une copie parfaite dun mdicament dont le brevet a expir et qui est donc tomb dans le domaine public Les biosimilaires: selon la rglementation europenne de 2004, ils reprsentent  «tout mdicament biologique de mà ªme composition qualitative et quantitative en substance active et de mà ªme forme pharmaceutique quun mdicament biologique de rfrences » Les vaccinsqui permettent de simmuniser contre une maladie infectieuse. Une partie des mdicaments doit à ªtre prescrite par une ordonnance et peut à ªtre dlivre par une officine uniquement aprs avoir prsent une prescription dun mdecin tandis quune autre est vendu en libre service dans les pharmacies. Lactivit du secteur pharmaceutique est soumise une forte rglementation. En effet, elle porte sur: * Lautorisation de mise sur le march du mdicament Un mdicament doit possder une autorisation de mise sur le march pour pouvoir à ªtre vendu. * Les rgles de prescription et de dlivrance Certains mdicaments peuvent à ªtre dlivrs sans ordonnance mdical sur simple demande au pharmacien. Cependant, la majorit des mdicaments exige une prescription. Une ordonnance doit maner dun professionnel de la sant tel quun mdecin, un dentiste ou encore un vtrinaire†¦ Concernant lordonnance, celle-ci doit à ªtre rdige aprs examen du malade et doit comporter les informations concernant le prescripteur, celles propos du mdicament (dnomination, posologie, dure du traitement) et celles propos du malade. * Les conditions de remboursement * Les essais cliniques et la recherche * La proprit intellectuelle Les molcules originales bnficient dune exclusivit de commercialisation de 20 ans la date du dpà ´t du dossier pour obtenir le brevet. Lentreprise peut faire la demande de 5 ans supplmentaires. Aprs avoir dcris lactivit de ce secteur, nous allons analyser son environnement. 1.1.2 Lenvironnement et son impact Afin de comprendre linfluence de lenvironnement pharmaceutique sur le comportement des entreprises et des clients, nous allons baser notre analyse sur le modle de Pestel. * Politique gouvernementale Les politiques gouvernementales ont une forte influence ngative sur la stratgie des entreprises du secteur. Elles sont la base des enjeux de financement des dpenses lies la sant. Actuellement, dans la majorit des pays industrialiss, les gouvernements sorientent vers une diminution des dpenses des assurances maladies. Les consquences de ces restrictions sont la baisse des prix des mdicaments ainsi que des dremboursements mais aussi la promotion des gnriques qui les place alors comme un concurrent majeur des laboratoires traditionnels du secteur pharmaceutique. En effet, les gnriques affectent les ventes de ces laboratoires et deviennent donc les principaux bnficiaires de la restriction des dpenses de sant dans les pays industrialiss. * Economie et conjoncture Lconomie a une influence ngative mais cependant limite sur la stratgie des entreprises pharmaceutiques. En effet, les nouvelles mesures conomiques sur les dpenses de sant dues une dgradation des comptes des assurances maladies ainsi que la crise financire ont pour impact: => Une baisse des ventes de lauto mdicamentation soit des mdicaments non-rembourss car les consommateurs rvaluent leurs dpenses prioritaires =>Une rduction de la valorisation boursire due la crise financire qui incite les grands groupes entrer dans une phase de rachat, de fusion et de croissance. * Les comportements socioculturels Les comportements socioculturels ont une influence globalement positive sur le secteur pharmaceutique. En effet, les besoins mdicaux insatisfaits ne cessent daugmenter, la population mondiale devient de plus en plus à ¢ge et de nouvelles pathologies se dveloppent ce qui a pour consquences une demande croissante envers les laboratoires pharmaceutiques ainsi quune tendance au dveloppement des ventes. * La lgislation Le secteur pharmaceutique est soumis de nombreuses rglementations qui entravent fortement sa croissance. En effet, trois types de rglementations influent considrablement le secteur: Les brevets: La protection dun mdicament dure de 20 25 ans mais il faut savoir que 10 13 ans sont ncessaires pour dvelopper le produit et obtenir lautorisation de mise sur le march, il ne restera donc que 10 15 ans au laboratoire pour profiter de lexclusivit du mdicament. Lautorisation de mise sur le march: le processus pour obtenir cette homologation est de plus en plus complexe et difficile La fixation des prix et le remboursement: le prix et les conditions de remboursement dun mdicament sont fixs avant son lancement sur le march afin que les gouvernements puissent contrà ´ler les dpenses de sant et de permettre un libre accs au mdicament. En conclusion, les dpenses du lancement dun mdicament ne cessent daugmenter tandis que lexclusivit et les dlais de commercialisation ne cessent de diminuer. * Les volutions technologiques Lvolution thrapeutique est le second moteur de croissance du secteur aprs les comportements socioculturels. Les laboratoires ne cessent de rpondre la demande et de samliorer. Ainsi, les mdicaments rcents et plus chers remplacent les anciens et deviennent un bien de consommation courante li la qualit de vie. Ceci a pour consquence de placer la rechercher et le dveloppement comme le moteur de lindustrie et va lui permettre de se focaliser sur des nouveaux champs de recherche. * Lcologie Actuellement, les contraintes cologiques psent considrablement sur lindustrie pharmaceutique et cela deux niveaux: Les produits et les usines des industries pharmaceutiques ont un impact sur lenvironnement. Par exemple, des rsidus de mdicament sont retrouvs dans leau cause du rejet des usines, de llimination et du recyclage de leurs dchets. Lenvironnement actuel est la source de nombreuses pathologies modernes. Afin de conclure lanalyse de lenvironnement externe de lentreprise Merck, nous pouvons dire que le secteur pharmaceutique est marqu par un besoins important en mdicament dà » au vieillissement de la population mondiale, laugmentation de pathologies nouvelles et dune augmentation de laccs aux mdicaments dans de nombreux pays. Cette industrie est marque par une innovation constante qui joue le rà ´le de moteur dans un domaine ou les anciens produits sont souvent soumis un dremboursement. Cependant, les laboratoires pharmaceutiques doivent aussi faire face une augmentation des rglementations qui engendre des coà »ts suprieurs et qui diminue la dure de vie de leur produit sur le march avant que le brevet tombe dans le domaine public. Face une stratgie gouvernementale globale qui souhaite rduire les coà »ts lis la sant, les laboratoires traditionnels doivent subir la promotion des gnriques qui devient un de leur concurrent majeur. 1.1.3 Les concurrents prsents sur le march pharmaceutique Afin danalyser de faà §on pertinente lindustrie pharmaceutique et la concurrence, nous allons dfinir le modle trs utile des 5 forces de Porter. Ce modle va rpondre la question: quel est le fondement de la concurrence dans le secteur? Et nous allons y rpondre au travers de la hirarchisation des 5 forces de Porter. * La rglementation Le secteur pharmaceutique est soumis une forte pression rglementaire. En effet, le processus dhomologation dun mdicament est de plus en plus long et complexe (Brevets, AMM†¦) Il est impos tous les nouveaux produits pour quils puissent à ªtre vendus sur le march. Ceci a donc pour consquences daugmenter les coà »ts et les dlais du lancement du produit et donc de rduire son temps de commercialisation. * Concurrence intra-sectorielle Le march pharmaceutique est un march oligopolistique soit  «un march sur lequel la concurrence est fausse du cà ´t de loffre, du fait dun trs petit nombre de vendeurs par rapport la multitude des acheteurs » En effet, le nombre de laboratoire en concurrence troite sur le mà ªme traitement est limit. Nous pouvons prendre lexemple des vaccins grippaux dtenus seulement par Sanofi-Aventis, GSK et Novantis. Cependant, cette concurrence est marque par une forte pression due la mga fusion de Pfizer/Wyeth qui ouvre donc les portes une vague de consolidation. * Les fournisseurs Les entreprises de ce secteur se sentent en position de force face aux fournisseurs notamment dans la sous-traitance dactivit non-stratgique, tandis quelles auront une relation de partenariat avec les acteurs de recherche donc les laboratoires deviennent de plus en plus indpendants. * Les substituts Les entreprises pharmaceutiques ne sont pas menaces par les produits de substitution par quil nen existe pas. Cependant, elles se sentent de plus en plus menaces par la contrefaà §on qui touche les pays mergents. En effet, elle occupe de 6 10 % du march pharmaceutique mondial. * Les nouveaux entrants Les barrires lentre du secteur sont lourdes cause des rglementations, des investissements consquent ncessaire la rechercher et au dveloppement, aux technologies. La pression des entreprises actuelles du secteur vient surtout des gnriques qui profitent des brevets tombs dans le domaine public. Ils prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans le secteur cause de la promotion de ceux-ci par une majorit de gouvernements. Concernant les biotechs, ils ont plus un rà ´le de partenaires que de menace. Pour conclure, le march pharmaceutique est peu concentr lchelle mondiale. Toutefois, elle lest bien plus lorsquon centre son analyse par classe thrapeutique oà ¹ on est en situation doligopole. En effet, dans chaque classe, les 3 premiers mdicaments les plus consomms concentre plus de la moiti des ventes de la classe. Le nombre dentreprise est en augmentation face lessor des start-up de biotechnologies bien que la tendance au rapprochement de nombreux groupes diminue le nombre doprateur sur le march. Ces rapprochements actuels sont dus la perte des brevets car les 10 premires entreprises mondiales vont perdre leurs brevets dici 2012, elles vont donc à ªtre fortement soumises la menace des gnriques qui profitent des brevets tombs dans le domaine public. De plus, les rglementations deviennent de plus en plus complexe et retarde donc la mise sur le march du produit, augmente les coà »ts et diminue sa dure de vie sur le march. 1.2 Analyse de lentreprise Merck Co Merck Co, qui est galement connu sous le nom de Merck Sharp Dohme (MSD) est lune des plus importantes socits pharmaceutique dans le monde. Cre en 1891, Merck co tait lorigine une filiale de la socit allemande Merck KgaA mais pendant la premire guerre mondiale, elle devint une socit indpendante amricaine. Aujourdhui, Merck Co emploi 51 000 employs dans 120 pays et 30 usines travers le monde. Elle a donc bien plus de poids que son ancà ªtre allemand qui lui, emploi 32800 employs travers 62 pays. En France, lentreprise est connue sous le nom de MSD. La socit Merck Co est hautement axe sur la recherche et linnovation. De la dcouverte la commercialisation, Merck Co gre tout le processus de production dune large gamme de produits novateurs dont le but est lamlioration de la sant humaine. Dans les annes 50, Merck a t le premier groupe pharmaceutique fournir un programme dassistance aux patients qui ne pouvaient accder aux soins pour des raisons financires. Aujourdhui, Merck fournit 7 programmes dassistance, ayant chacun des critres dligibilit prcis. Paralllement son activit de production et de recherche, Merck publie des manuels, livres mdicaux de rfrence, dont le Manuel Merk de diagnostique et thrapeutique connu mondialement. Merck co occupe la 7me place dans le classement des plus gros groupes pharmaceutiques mondiaux. En 2009, la socit a gnr un revenu de 27.4 milliards de dollars et un rsultat dexploitation de 4.83 milliards de dollars. Merck atteint cette rentabilit grà ¢ce au renouvellement constant de son offre mais aussi du nombre croissant de produits en dveloppement. Merck Co dtient 4 domaines dactivit stratgiques (DAS):  · Les mdicaments Ce DAS reprsente 81,3% de son activit. Merck investit la majorit de ses ressources dans la recherche et le dveloppement de ce DAS. Merck dtient plus de 40 mdicaments diffrents sur le march dans des secteurs thrapeutiques clefs tels que le cholestrol, lhypertension, lostoporose, la cardiologie et le systme respiratoire. Ce domaine regroupe tous les produits  «vache lait » de lentreprise, gnrateurs de la majorit de son chiffre daffaire, on y retrouve: Singulaire, asthme et allergies Januvia, diabte Cozaar, hypertension Vytorin et Zetia, cholestrol Isentress, sida Le domaine des mdicaments reprsente donc la partie la plus importante de lactivit de Merck  · Les vaccins Le deuxime domaine dactivit stratgique de Merck est la vaccination. La stratgie de Merck dans ce domaine est de traiter les maladies devenues rares de nos jours telles que la rougeole ou les oreillons, mais aussi les maladies oà ¹ la prvention semblait impensable telles que le cancer du col de lutrus. Ce DAS reprsente 17.8% de lactivit du groupe et constitue donc la deuxime activit la plus importante pour Merck. Le produit phare de ce DAS est le Gardasil, vaccin contre le papillomavirus, sorti rcemment, seul vaccin sur le march pouvant protger les femmes contre le cancer du col de lutrus.  · La sant animale et les produits de consommation Au-del de ces deux principales activits, Merck possde deux autres domaines dactivit stratgiques dont la part de chiffre daffaire et dinvestissement et beaucoup moins importante. Merck: la sant animale (anti parasite, gestion de la fertilit, anti infectieux†¦) et les produits de consommation type semelle, crme solaire) Les causes internes et externes de la fusion Merck/Schering 2.1 Les causes internes Diffrents vnements apparus au sein de lentreprise Merck sont lorigine de cette dcision de fusion. En effet, un nombre croissant de menaces interne lorganisation ont motiv la socit Merck dans cette dmarche stratgique. 2.1.1 La mauvaise performance conomique des annes passes Ces dernires annes, la socit Merck Co a du faire face diffrents obstacles qui ont fortement pes sur le rythme de son expansion. Dun point de vue conomique, plusieurs faits ont t responsables dune rduction considrable de ses ventes et lont affaibli: La polmique autour du mdicament anti-douleur et anti-inflammatoire Vioxx, utilis pour les traitements contre larthrite (1999-2004) a t nocive pour la socit qui sest vu accuse de commercialiser un mdicament augmentant les risques de crises cardiaques tout en cachant les rsultats de ses recherches. La socit Merck Co a t condamne payer une somme trs importante afin de ddommager les personnes victimes de ce produit mais aussi une amende. Cette polmique a pes lourdement sur la socit qui a vu ses ventes et son chiffre daffaire dgringoler et a t contraint de licencier massivement (7000 postes). La notorit de lentreprise fut alors touche et les articles de presses condamnant la socit se sont multiplis. Merck a du essuyer ces dernires annes de nombreux refus de la part des autorits amricaine quant la commercialisation de nouveaux mdicaments, notamment le Cordaptive, mdicament contre le cholestrol, qui la contraint supprimer de nouveau de nombreux postes (1200). Le groupe mettait de grands espoirs sur ce produit en termes de chiffre daffaire et lenvisageait dj comme un des produits vedette de son portefeuille futur. Enfin, Merck a du faire face de nombreuses attaques, de magasines ou de laboratoires, remettant en cause lefficacit de ses produits. Une des plus importante concernait les mdicaments Vytorine et Zetia, deux produits vedettes, accusant Merck davoir exagr leur efficacit lors des campagnes publicitaires. 2.1.2 Le problme des brevets chez Merck Le secteur pharmaceutique est soumis la contrainte des brevets et de leur expiration. Le groupe Merck, tout comme ses concurrents doit continuellement renouveler ses produits afin de pallier aux pertes engendres lorsque ses produits tombent dans le domaine public. Ces dernires annes, Merck a perdu les brevets de produits vedettes tels que Zocor (2006) et Fosamax (2008). Les ventes de ces produits ont largement chut tant dsormais soumis la loi de la concurrence. Lexpiration imminente des brevets dautres mdicaments clefs pour Merck tel que Singulair, et le faible nombre de produits en phase III, prs à ªtre lancs sur le march devenait trs inquitante pour la socit qui risquait ainsi de perdre plus de 35% de chiffre daffaire. Conscient de ce risque, la fusion avec Schering Plough permettait ainsi Merck de doubler le nombre de mdicaments en phase III (18 produits), dernire tape de dveloppement avant la commercialisation. De plus, cette fusion permettait Merck davoir accs un mdicament prometteur, le TRA, un anticoagulant prà ªt sortir sur le march en 2011. Le portefeuille de nouveaux mdicaments que Schering Plough apporterait Merck reprsentait un potentiel de ventes de 6 milliards de dollars par an. Cette fusion apporte ainsi Merck un nouveau souffle en termes de dveloppement de produits et lui offre une certaine assurance quant au renouvellement de ses mdicaments vedettes. 2.1.3 Schering Plough, un concurrent trs attractif Lancien concurrent de Merck, Schering Plough, a ralis en 2008 un chiffre daffaire de 18.5 milliards de dollars. Il dtenait de nombreux produits vedettes et un portefeuille plutà ´t vaste. A la diffrence de nombreux laboratoires, Schering Plough est peu concern par la concurrence des mdicaments gnriques ce qui rend sa gamme de produits trs attractive pour Merck. Des  «blockbusters » attirent notamment lattention de Merck: lanti-inflammatoire Remicade, Temodar, qui combat les tumeurs au cerveau, et Nasonez, contre la rhinite. Depuis plusieurs annes, Merck et Schering Plough commercialisaient ensemble les mdicaments anti-cholestrol Zetia et Vytorin via une joint-venture. En rachetant Schering Plough, Merck bnficierai alors de la totalit des ventes gnres par ces mdicaments (4.6 milliards en 2008). En fusionnant avec Schering Plough, Merck pourra renforcer sa prsence dans des domaines quil ne maitrisait pas encore. Il compte se renforcer dans loncologie, les maladies cardiovasculaires, les maladies infectieuses, limmunologie et la sant des femmes, secteurs oà ¹ Schering Plough excellait. Le domaine fminin intresse tout particulirement Merck. En effet, dj prsent grà ¢ce son vaccin contre le cancer du col de lutrus Gardasil, Merck souhaite tendre ses comptences convaincu que ce secteur deviendra une problmatique clef ces prochaines annes. Merck hritera ainsi de la pilule minidose Mercilon, le traitement pour la fertilit Puregon et le diaphragme Nuvaring jusqualors commercialiss par son concurrent. La prsence gographique de Schering Plough a aussi motiv Merck dans sa dcision de fusion. En effet Merck pourra dsormais acclrer son dveloppement linternational, Shering Plough ralisant 70% de son chiffre daffaire hors Amrique du nord. De plus, la prsence trs soutenu de Schering dans les pays mergeant (2 milliards de chiffre daffaire par an) est un atout majeur pour Merck, dont lobjectif est de conqurir ce march. En rachetant Schering Plough, Merck augmentera considrablement sa production et aura donc lopportunit de raliser dimportantes conomies dchelle 2.2 Les causes externes Grace lanalyse du secteur pharmaceutique, nous pouvons ainsi dterminer les causes externes de la fusion de Merck et Schering plough. En effet, celle-ci peut sexpliquer par le fait que ce secteur soit marqu par une rglementation de plus en plus lourde, de nouvelles politiques commerciales qui recommandent les gnriques mais aussi par un environnement concurrentiel sous pression cause des mgafusions. 2.2.1 Des rglementations lourdes Le lancement dun mdicament est soumis une rglementation de plus en plus lourde. Les laboratoires pharmaceutiques possdent des brevets qui peuvent durer jusqu 25 ans et qui protgent leurs produits. Dici 2012, les leaders du secteur, dont Merck, vont perdre les brevets de leur produits vedettes qui reprsentent pour la majorit dentre eux plus de 40% de leur chiffre daffaire. Une fois le brevet tomb dans le domaine public, les gnriques sortent lquivalent de ces mdicaments et reprsentent donc une concurrence accrue du fait de leur prix largement infrieur au produit initial des laboratoires traditionnels. Ceci reprsente donc une grosse menace pour les entreprises du march. De plus, lobtention de lautorisation de mise sur le march (AMM) et de plus en plus longue acqurir. Depuis quelques annes, les groupes pharmaceutiques ont des difficults lancer de nouveaux mdicaments car les autorits sanitaires sont devenues de plus en plus exigeantes mà ªme aprs avoir obtenu lautorisation de mise sur le march. Or, pendant ce temps, comme nous lavons dit prcdemment, les molcules vendues ont leur brevet qui tombe dans le domaine public et ils deviennent donc concurrencs par les mdicaments gnriques. Nous pouvons ainsi prendre lexemple du mdicament Singular qui reprsente 18% des ventes du groupe Merck. 2.2.2 Les politiques gouvernementales et la promotion des gnriques Beaucoup de pays industrialiss rentrent dans une politique de rduction des dpenses lies la sant (comme cest le cas actuellement en France). En effet, ils mettent en place des dremboursements et font la promotion des mdicaments gnriques qui coà »tent moins cher ce qui amne une baisse des prix des mdicaments vendus par les laboratoires pharmaceutique traditionnels. Ces nouvelles mesures conomiques sont dues la dgradation des comptes des assurances maladies. Suite cela, les groupes du secteur font face une baisse des ventes de mdicaments non-rembourss car les consommateurs revoient les priorits de leur dpense mais aussi des mdicaments gnriques qui grappillent de plus en plus de part de march. Nous pouvons prendre lexemple du plan Obama qui a dclench une vrai rvolution aux Etats-Unis, il va permettre 46 millions de personne de bnficier de mdicaments grà ¢ce leur nouvelle couverture tandis que le prix des mdicaments vont considrablement baisser. 2.2.3 La mgafusion de leurs concurrents directs Face aux conjonctures actuelles du secteur, les leaders du groupe se rapprochent afin de fusionner et de devenir plus fort comme à §a a t le cas de Pfizer et Myeth au cours de 2007. Ces rapprochements crent une forte pression concurrentielle sur le march. En effet, elles permettent de toucher plusieurs domaines thrapeutiques, de raliser des conomies dchelle et de bnficier des brevets restant. Cette fusion est donc lorigine dun colosse sur le march avec un chiffre daffaire de 75 milliards de dollars. Le nouveau grant se place donc la place de numro 1 sur le march. Cette croissance se fera seulement quelques moi avant celle de Merck et Schering plough. Pour conclure, les causes externes de la fusion de Merck et Schering Plough sont les suivantes: 1 Laugmentation des coà »ts et des dlais de la mise sur le march de leurs produits diminuant ainsi le cycle de vie de leur vente 2 La perte de leurs brevets de leurs produits vedettes qui vont donc amener une diminution de leur chiffre daffaire 3 Les nouvelles politiques gouvernementales qui ont pour consquence de diminuer le prix des mdicaments, de faire des dremboursement et de promouvoir les gnriques 4 Laugmentation des parts de marchs des gnriques qui profitent de la tombe des brevets dans le domaine public ainsi que des nouvelles politiques gouvernementales 5 Le rapprochement de Pfizer et Myeth qui les a propulss au rang de numro 1 mondial Analyse de la dcision stratgique: Loffre publique dachat de Schering par Merck Co 3.1 Le droulement chronologique Cest dans un contexte 2009, difficile et touch par la crise, que pourtant le secteur pharmaceutique voit ses plus grands acteurs lancer des OPA sur leurs concurrents, fusionner. Les pressions de lenvironnement et du secteur pharmaceutique que lon a pu dcrire dans les parties prcdentes vont peu peu porter leurs fruits, ou consquence, chez MerckCo. Ainsi peine un mois aprs la fusion du numro 1 mondial du secteur pharmaceutique avec lun de ses concurrents, Merck, alors second leader mondial, lance son tour une O.P.A., amicale. LO.P.A. amicale signifiant bien que le but est de sallier afin de faire face une concurrence accrue. En effet cest le 9 mars 2009, aprs de longues semaines de rumeurs sur les marchs de Wall Street, quenfin est officialis laccord tabli entre les conseils dadministration des deux laboratoires amricains, Merck et Schering-Plough. Un accord ferme de fusion entre les deux entits. A ce moment la finalisation de la transaction est dj prvue pour le quatrime trimestre 2009. Les termes de laccord sont clairs, la nouvelle entit conservera le nom de  «Merck » et la compensation globale pour Schering-Plough sera de 41,1 Milliards de dollars en numraires et actions. La somme sera rpartie comme suit: 44% en argent comptant et 56% en actions. Cependant le chemin sera long, nourri de rebondissements, pour atteindre le jour oà ¹ la transaction est ralise: la clà ´ture de Wall Street, le 3 Novembre 2009. Un temps ncessaire en effet la mise en place dune telle transaction et son approbation et autorisation par les diffrentes parties prenantes. 3.2 Le financement et les parties prenantes 41,1 Milliards de dollars, avec cette somme faramineuse, la fusion entre Merck et Schering-Plough entre dans le  «Top 5 » des plus grosses fusions-acquisitions de 2009. Alors quon dit le secteur fragile, soumis aux diverses pressions (tatiques, boursires, lgales), comment Merck a-t-il pu financer un tel montant? On la vu, la somme est divise en numraire et en actions. Merck possdant une bonne trsorerie, a ainsi pu sautofinancer en grande partie. Il libre de ses caisses existantes 9,8 Milliards de dollars, et met 22,8 Milliards de dollars en actions Merck. Pour le reste de la somme, cest le cabinet J.P. MORGAN, spcialiste du financement dinvestissement, qui donne son accord Merck pour un prà ªt dune valeur de 8,5 Milliards de dollars. Le financement structur, laccord entre les diffrents conseils dadmini